Depends on the 27W PSU you chosen. Is that an official PSU or 3rd party? The RPi5 is very sensitive regarding this, because it needs to support 5.1V + 5.0A current negotiated via Power Delivery protocol. Additional it must very stable and switching fast enough to support the fast load switches of the RPi5. The Argon ONE V3 case is an additional load. Maybe the PMIC inside of the case is more restrictive.
But, because of some feedback from other users, its possible that you should try to assemble the daughterboard again.
Or in the worst case there are some bad soldering points. Unfortunately it seems to happen more often. If you have the skills, use a multimeter and check for example if the jumper plug is properly solded: