Out of curiosity, did the broken RPi 5 log out anything? Did you see errors in dmesg? Mine doesn’t detect the NVMe SSD but it didn’t print anything out. I took the box apart and assembled the whole thing again like three times.
I know I bough an unsupported drive but it really bugs me there’s no visible trace of connectivity of such a device on PCIe bus. I’d expect a total freeze or at least a stack trace in the kernel log. I’m simply not worth it.