Thought I would start this thread to list specific NVMEs people have tried with this case and had success or not.
Suggest people list their specific success stores. Here’s mine:
PNY CS1030 250GB 
Did not work. NVME was not recognised by the OS using either lspci or lsblk
Netac NV3000 250GB 
Worked out of box
Sounds a good idea to me, but it could be important which versions are in use:
Do you plan to update frequently your initial post, to hold the information compact?
Yes, I can edit the original post as the thread starts to get populated.
Good point on the other stats like versions etc. If people have those available, please include them in your response.
The Kingston NV2 M.2 PCIe 4.0 NVMe 2TB works for me: Previous Post
Note that config.txt has moved in Bookworm: /boot/firmware/config.txt
My previous post has contents of config.txt file - The system runs well, initial uptime of nearly 47 days with bootloader: Fri 16 Feb 2024 15:28:41 UTC (1708097321).
This is what’s working for me:
NVMe: Samsung PM9B1 M.2 NVMe 256GB
OS: Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS (kernel 6.8.0-1004-raspi)
EEPROM: Sat Apr 20 10:53:30 AM UTC 2024 (also OK: Fri Feb 16 03:28:41 PM UTC 2024)
I am not using pciex1_gen=3 because I favor stability over performance.
Appears I don’t have the ability to edit my original post.
Just after post I updated to:-
Kernel: Linux 6.6.28+rpt-rpi-2712
Bootloader: Sat 20 Apr 2024 10:53:30 UTC (1713610410)
sudo nvme list
Model Format FW Rev KINGSTON SNV2S2000G 2.00 TB SBM02103
Performance with: pciex1_gen=3 ( Has been stable for me since original installation)
dd if=/dev/zero of=./speedTestFile bs=20M count=5 oflag=direct
104857600 bytes (105 MB, 100 MiB) copied, 0.154623 s, 678 MB/s
Lexar NM790 2TB
At first i had a subtly misaligned PCIe cable (the Argon Neo 5 NVMe case screws don’t hold together well such that the case must have opened a bit and pulled on the cable) such that only the last SSD in my list was recognized (with severely limited dtparam=pciex1_gen=1 performance but no link errors xD ).
When completely reattached the cable all SSDs were recognized out of the box, although
I only tested with with PCIE_PROBE=1 in sudo rpi-eeprom-config --edit
Kingston NV2S 1TB
Micron 2450 256GB
Samsung PM991a 256GB
Samsung PM981 256GB
Kingston KC3000 PCIe 4.0 NVMe M.2 2TB SSD
It doesn’t even fit in the Argon Neo 5 case. The KC3000 has chips on both sides of the board, and the Neo 5 has a bump just next to the M.2 slot, which makes it impossible to install 
I can confirm this finding for the NEO 5 Expansion Board as well. (“Argon NEO 5 NVME PCIE Carrier Board”). The manufacturer’s list “M.2 NVMe Drive Compatibility” mentions the KC3000 without any qualifications for capacity. Apparently, the 512GB and 1TB models are both single-sided.This could be worth mentioning.
Western Digital_Black SN850X 1TB did not work for me.
the kingstone nv2S 500 GB don’t work for me. I not see with lsblk.
If you are having issues getting your NVMe drive to work or it is unstable with the Argon NEO 5 NVME case, read this.
I had stability issues with both my RPIs with that case when I moved it around or connected/disconnected cables. I was seeing error messages in the console and then the RPI would freeze. I finally found the issue and the workaround and I can now jerk the case around and it keeps running.
The instructions say you should pass the ribbon cable in the slot on the edge of the case. Check if in your case the ribbon cable touches the edge of the slot in a way that it bends it sideways and puts stress on the cable. I solved it by not passing the cable in the slot but passing it along the RPI board directly.
Also search for this “NVMe_SSD_boot_with_the_Raspberry_Pi_5” (I cannot post the URL without getting flagged as spam), there is an incompatibility list.
I Absolutely agree.
I just received a KC3000 2TB drive and found myself that it’s impossible to mount on this case.
Fortunately I bought it with Amazon so I immediately asked for a product return and refund, but with other sellers I would probabily had to keep the drive.
Argon site managers absolutely have to update the informations on the case specs, I read it was compatible with the KC3000 and I immediately bought it, and many others could do the same mistake.
This one works:
4TB Lexar NM790 SSD, M.2 (2280) PCIe 4.0 (x4) 3D NVMe SSD, TLC, 7400MB/s Read, 6500MB/s Write PC/PS5 84456
Is there not another slot you can feed the cable though ? It’s kind of visible on your second photo still on the inside of the of the rim.
I personally have no issues even if it touches the RPi board, the flat cable is insulated. My RPi has now been running for weeks with no crashes and I plug and unplug stuff from it. Before I did this, it would systematically crash as soon as I would try to plug/unplug stuff.
For people worried about the cable being more bent this way, I don’t see this as much an issue unless you really force and fold the cable. The cable is quite flexible lengthwise.
The better solution would be to use a Dremel or file to enlarge the slot, but you need the tools and the hand.