Argon BLSTR DAC not working

I don’t know if it’s really needed to get such HAT to work, can you please check that you have the following entry in your bootloader / EEPROM configuration:
PSU_MAX_CURRENT=5000

and add this line to your config.txt
usb_max_current_enable=1

This ensures that the RPi5 doesn’t limit the USB power to 600mA.

Do you have tried this too?

remove/comment out:
dtparam=audio=on
and change the following line:
dtoverlay=vc4-kms-v3d
to
dtoverlay=vc4-kms-v3d,noaudio

If nothing else works until now, you should additional test with this line:
force_eeprom_read=0

EDIT:
The change is very new (2024-03-12): Add specific clk-producer/-consumer overlays for Hifiberry DACplus by j-schambacher · Pull Request #6024 · raspberrypi/linux · GitHub

Before you switch to “hifiberry-dacplus-std”, please check if your distro is really up to date and the overlay file with the same name exist in the sub folder of the boot partition:
ls -la /boot/firmware/overlays/hifi*

/boot/firmware/overlays/hifiberry-dacplus-std.dtbo

There exists another scenario where I not aware of it until now. It’s possible to load an overlay from HAT EEPROM directly. After some changes at the kernel, it’s possible that these integrated overlays are going outdated. For these cases the force_eeprom_read=0 line is there. But the recommended way is to move the 2 dtoverlay lines to the very beginning of the config.txt:

dtoverlay=
dtoverlay=hifiberry-dacplus,slave

for kernels >= 6.1.77

dtoverlay=
dtoverlay=hifiberry-dacplus-std

The first line prevents the loading of the overlay from the EEPROM.