You doesn’t wrote about the result of the hardware self test. Was it failing too?
I’m asking, because some printed circuit boards had in the past “only” bad or not existing soldering points. Some in the near of the “Always ON” jumper bridge. Mostly this and Argon One v3 Not Powering On - #3 by GraphicW was the reason for not functioning at power up. There was also a case, where the power button itself was damaged/not connected and the Argon ONE case was starting only if the jumper was set to “Always ON” mode.
If the self test is working, I would inspect the pcb for such kind of issues. If the self test is failing, try another power supply (for the unlikely case that only the Power Delivery negotiation fails) if you have or throw the pcb into trash …